Pictorial Projections

1.   Define axonometric, isometric, dimetric, and trimetric projection. p. 376

2.   Explain the difference between an isometric projection and an isometric sketch. p. 379

3.   Create an isometric sketch. pp. 382-383

4.   Apply the theory of oblique projection to create oblique sketches. pp. 395-399

5.   Create a one-point perspective sketch. p. 409

6.   Describe one-, two-, and three-point perspective projection theory. pp. 404-406

7.   Define horizon line, station point, picture plane, vanishing point, and ground line. pp. 403-404

8.   Describe and draw bird's eye, human's eye, ground's eye, and worm's eye views. pp. 403-404

9.   Describe the four perspective variables that are determined before creating a perspective sketch. pp. 406-407

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1      Define oblique projection.

Oblique project is a form of parallel projection in which the projectors are parallel to each other but not perpendicular (i.e. oblique) to the plane of projection. p356

2.     List and describe the differences between the three types of oblique drawing.

A cavalier oblique is drawn true length along the receding axis while a cabinet oblique is drawn at half scale along the receding axis.  A general oblique can be drawn anywhere from full to half scale along the receding axis. p358, 360

3.     Define axonometric.

A parallel projection technique used to create a pictorial drawing of an object by rotating the object about an axis relative to the projection plane. p338

4.     Define isometric, dimetric, and trimetric drawings.

All three are axonometric drawings.  An isometric drawing uses a single scale to measure all three dimensions are whose axes are equal angles apart.  A dimetric drawing uses two scales and has two angles which are equal.  A trimetric drawing uses three scales and three different angles. p338-339

5.     Sketch the axes used for an isometric drawing.

6.     Sketch the axes used for regular, reversed, and long axis isometric drawings.

7.     What is the general rule used for hidden lines in isometric drawings?

Hidden lines are omitted unless they are absolutely needed to completely describe the object. p343

8.     Give examples of pictorial drawings used in industry.

9.     Sketch an isometric cube, then show how isometric ellipses would be drawn on each face of the cube.  Add center lines to the ellipses.

10.   What are the three angular measurements of isometric drawing axes?

120°. p342

11.   Describe perspective projection theory.  Use sketches if necessary.

Perspective projection attempts to create, as a two-dimensional projection, what a scene or object would look like as perceived by the human eye.  To do so, it must represent the fact that objects are perceived as being smaller in the distance and that parallel lines that recede in depth will converge on a imaginary point on the horizon. p362

12.   Identify the horizon line, station point, picture plane, vanishing point, and ground line in Figure 7.59.

13.   Sketch and label bird’s eye, human’s eye, ground’s eye, and worm’s eye views.

14.     List the four perspective variables that should be considered before drawing a perspective view.

Distance of the object from the picture plane, position of the station point, position of the ground line relative to the horizon, and number of vanishing points. p367

15.     Name the person who is generally given credit for systematizing isometric drawings.